Organization Behavior - 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organization Behavior - 3 - Essay Example An open system focuses on the throughputs that are taken from the environment. The throughputs are then given back to the environment and in this way; the open system completes its cycle. The open system perspective plays a key role in determining the organizational effectiveness in a sense that the system receives inputs from the environment and its outputs are accepted from the external environment. The open system exchanges the feedback with the external environment of the organization, which helps the organization determine its effectiveness. The feedback, which is exchanged with the external environments, is analyzed in order to determine the changes that are needed to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Therefore, we can say that the open system perspective is one of the integral perspectives of an organizational effectiveness because it helps the organization achieve its goals in a successful manner. There are five basic types of behaviors included in the organizational behavior literature. The types of behaviors include task performance, organizational citizenship, counterproductive work behaviors, joining and staying with the organization, and maintaining work attendance. All these types of behaviors are of significant importance for the success of an organization. Task performance refers to those goal-directed behaviors that are under the control of individuals. This type of behavior is used to transform the raw materials into the finished goods. If we take example of employees, we can say that employees usually have more than one dimensions for performance. In task performance behavior, all of the dimensions are analyzed in order to evaluate the employee’s performance. In my view, task performance behavior is one of the most significant behaviors because this behavior is directly related to the performance of employees. Organizational citizenship behavior

Reducing Juvenile Delinquency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reducing Juvenile Delinquency - Essay Example This paper seeks to illustrate various aspects associated with juvenile delinquency and measures taken to lower the prevalence rates. Juvenile delinquency illustrates a violation of the law committed by a person under the legal age, but surpasses parental control, and thus is subject to legal action. Such violations of the law are not punishable by death or life imprisonment, but dwell on rehabilitating the offenders to become law-abiding citizens. Institutions such as juvenile detention centers and courts assist in dispensation of legal interventions based on specified procedures in the legal system. Furthermore, a juvenile delinquent is an under aged person who has been found guilty of a crime, and is protected by the law as a minor; hence cannot bear the responsibility for the crime (Snyder and Sickmund, 2006). The age of criminal responsibility may be lowered in accordance with the nature and seriousness of the crime. This would imply that the individual could be tried as an adult. Negative behaviors among children and young adults translate into juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency has the potential of creating significant social disorder. Past and recent surveys have indicated that a high percentage of children and adolescents engage in activities that are in violation of the law. The reality of the situation is illustrated in the drop in the average age of first arrests made among young people. This can be attributed to the common notion that juvenile offences are normative adolescent behaviors. However, repeated or chronic offenders are most likely to carry on with the trend away from adolescence and turn into criminal elements or outlaws. At a tender age, delinquent behavior involves minor theft, but can evolve to violent acts involving the use of weapons as the individual nears the statutory age. Other delinquent behaviors include bullying, truancy,

Week 4 Discussion Questions #3 and #4 Personal Statement

Week 4 Discussion Questions #3 and #4 - Personal Statement Example More biodiversity could equally cause the population of the species in the ecosystem to rise rapidly. As such, they may outweigh the primary producers making it difficult for the ecosystem to sustain them. As an individual, I feel affected either way. When the number of species is so low that they get to extinction, the future generation will not have the opportunity to experience the aesthetics of the environment. This affects me fundamentally as an environmentalist. Extinction is the situation whereby a certain species gets out of existence in an ecosystem. One of the major causes of the present day extinction is human encroachment into the ecosystem. This becomes apparent as the human population increases (McKinney, Schoch, & Yonavjak, 2007). As the human population increased at unprecedented rates, people started destroying homes of wildlife thereby making some species endangered. They equally hunted the wildlife for food hence bringing about the extinction. To prevent the looming extinction, stringent regulations protecting the species in every ecosystem ought to have been ensured. Again, humans were to be enlightened on the importance of a sustainable ecosystems and/or ills associated with the impending

Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes Essay

Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes - Essay Example Essential leadership characteristics include: leadership inspiration (feeling the need to lead but not by searching for power/leadership forcefully), drive, self-confidence (this accounts for emotional stability as a leader), integrity and honesty, knowledge, and intellectual ability. There is little proof that versatility, creativeness and charisma are traits that should be exhibited by leaders. Our belief is that the important leadership traits always come in handy in enabling a leader to acquire skills necessary for coming up with a desired achievable vision and taking the necessary measures in the implementation of the vision. This is a paper that is interested in highlighting the effectiveness and desirability of leadership traits universally with regard to being an international leader. I will show, in this paper on universal effectiveness and desirable leadership attributes that are constituted and exhibited by an international leader, illustration and some examples of the traits that an international leader should exhibit. Leadership has been described by some as the procedure of public influence that one individual can solicit the help and assistance of other people in a bid to successfully perform and conclude a prevalent task. Another common definition of leadership is that it is a process in which a particular person influences a group of people for the achievement of a common vision. (Northouse, 2007, p3). A leader is that said to be the person in charge of the group accomplishing the task. He is the one with the ability to his influence and other traits while commanding a group for the accomplishment of the desired task. Concepts of leadership In accordance to Bass, the concept of leadership declares that there exist three primary approaches to describe how individuals are initiated to leadership (Bass, 1990, pp. 20). The approach depicted in the first two describes the leadership growth for some individuals. One of the concepts of leadership is that a person may rise to the occasion when an important event or a looming crisis occurs making the individual to behave like a leader and exhibit some of the important traits necessary for leadership. An example of such a leader is Nelson Mandela. He grew up i n South Africa a normal person like any other but due to the invasion of South Africa by colonialist he rose to the occasion to fight for the independence of his people and this made him recognised as a hero. This is called the great events concept. The other trait is referred to as the Trait concept (Schwartz 2010). This is the concept that says that some individual traits will act as a natural guide to people that will lead them leadership tasks/roles. The third concept is the process or transformational leadership concept. It states that leadership traits can be learnt and thus people have the ability to become leaders by choice. Global leadership The interdisciplinary research of the key components that leaders of the future in all areas of the personal expertise should obtain to successfully get familiar themselves with the emotional, physical, regional, anthropological, geopolitical and sociological results of globalization is referred to as global leadership (Hayes, 2011). Gl obal leadership takes place when a person or a group of people get around collaborative initiatives of distinct stakeholders through ecological sophistication towards a perspective by utilizing a global attitude. As an effect of styles, that start at colonialism and get perpetuated by the increase in press channels, advancement that come to being due to interconnection on networks

Describe a time when you experience a classroom as a community. How Essay

Describe a time when you experience a classroom as a community. How did the teacher create it How did it feel to belong to this - Essay Example The place was like a community to me as the bringing together of people with different backgrounds and ideologies was really worthwhile. The teacher ensured that the students in the classroom were able to interact with each other and probably learn more from the older group. This act by the teacher exposed the flaws of the education system where students are put in the same class with students of their peer group. The teacher created this community in such a way that the students were given the opportunity to acquire skills that would make them integrate easily into the society. The teacher made the students to have a deep sense of belonging as that act gave the students the opportunity to interact socially with other members of the academic community (Koch 28-31). It is true that schools shelter students from the opportunities of enlightening that exposure to wider social, ethnic and mixed age groupings might afford them as they would be restricted to the knowledge that is within th e school. The teacher made us aware in the classroom that the real lessons of life are not learnt within the walls of a school, but in the community or the society as the case may be. The teacher adequately prepared us for the challenges of a larger community and the society as a whole.

Macbeth Critical Approach Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Critical Approach Essay The tragic story of Macbeth is a tale of a man, who spirals into a deep, dark, depressing life attempting to escape his unhappy, mundane, unsatisfied existence. All of this would not be possible without the assistance of three wicked witches. These witches serve as a catalyst for the evil brought out of Macbeth, which becomes amplified by his own heinous actions. While Macbeth is cold hearted and dark minded his intentions were not awakened till he encountered the witches who changed his coarse of history. †Stay, you imperfect speakers. Tell me more. By Sinel’s death I know I am Thane of Glamis but how of Cawdor?† After the witches tell him he is destined to be king, Macbeth becomes interested. He fell for evils trap and now hopelessly tumbles down the rabbit hole. Macbeth knows what he is destined to be but Duncan stands in his way. This leads Macbeth to the first step of his corruption, through his sinister thoughts he realizes he is descending into darkness. â€Å"Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires† Fearing he will be discovered for his true self, he pleas to the stars so that they may dim their lights. This fear is what drives him further into madness and deeper into his own despair. Macbeth has destroyed everything that has mattered to him, his best friend, his king, his wife, and his relationship with his people. He has ruined so much that it becomes clear to him that he was much happier in his previous status. â€Å"For mine own good, all causes shall give way. I am in blood stepp’d in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as the tedious as go o’er† By comparing his own actions to a river of blood he hints to the fact that once a man kills for his own single benefit, there is no going back. He has gone too far and would be nearly impossible to undo what has been done and seems too tough to live with.

Reviewing The Culture Of Homelessness In America Cultural Studies Essay

Reviewing The Culture Of Homelessness In America Cultural Studies Essay The homeless culture of people in America has reached epic proportions due to the downward spiral of the economy, mental illness and lack of affordable housing. I chose the homeless culture of people for research and field observation to find out first-hand how this culture of people actually live and survive under such horrific conditions. I wanted to get a first hand perspective on the reasons these people are homeless, what they do to survive on the streets and what, if anything, that they think their futures may hold. Yes, the experience was painful to me, but it was, I believe a valuable experience. I found the situation of the homeless to be both shocking and sad. The living conditions of this culture of people was deplorable. To cope with these feelings I always tried to look for the cloud with the silver lining. Dealing with culture shock was difficult, but I kept an open mind, remained flexible and didnt spend excess energy on the things that were beyond my control. I utilized cultural relativism in this field observation, as I accepted this culture of peoples values and beliefs and did not judge them based on my own values and beliefs. (Miller, Barbara D.) I also utilized participation observation methods for gathering research data in the field. Prior to embarking on this field study, I researched and compiled a list of free services that one can obtain if they are in a homeless capacity, to give to the homeless culture, in the form of flyers. Robert Reosenheck conducted the very first study which observed homelessness as a real national paragon in our society. This study could quite possibly be the first study of its kind to come close to the real extent of this phenomenon in this culture of people. The major findings in the homeless study revealed that 744,000 United States citizens experienced homelessness between 1985 1990. Today these numbers are at an astonishing 1.6 million and rising. The homeless in America pose a very serious health threat to society. Tuberculosis and other communicable diseases such as HIV infection, AIDs and Hepatitis Type B are rampant in the homeless culture. A new finding in Rosenhecks research , was the study challenging the insight that homelessness is confined in its reach. Homelessness appears to be no greater among one race than another. Previous studies of this nature were typically conducted in larger cities, however Rosenhecks study was observed from the nation as a whole. We have learned from this study that homelessness may be of a much greater magnitude than was first thought. Impressive action is needed especially in the areas of health care, housing, as well as educational and employment opportunities. If something is not done sooner rather than later, the health and welfare of our nation is at great risk. ( Rosenheck, R.) There has been a sharp rise from the stereotypical transient homeless male (hobo) to homeless families in the past 15 years and is the fastest growing component in the population of the homeless culture. The typical homeless family in our society today consists of a single mother, with an average of 3 children, with the eldest child being around 5 years of age. Most of these families are not new to homelessness and most have never rented or owned a home, instead living with family or friends. The undereducated and unemployed make up the vast majority of homeless people. Most have worked at some point in their life, but there are many that have never worked. 59% of the homeless receive some type of public assistance ( TANF, WIC and etc. for their children. 49% of the homeless in our nation stated that they became so, due to cuts in public assistance. Appallinglymany of our homeless are United States veterans of foreign wars. The causation of homelessness is complex in nature and varies widely from area to area. (Nunez, R. Fox, Cybelle). I spent the weekends of July 2010 observing and interacting with the homeless in Dallas, Texas. Dallas is the third largest city in the state with a population of 1.3 million people. Over 8,000 of this population is homeless. (USA Today) I encountered three distinct types of homeless people on the streets of Dallas. The first type was those who were homeless due to the loss of a job in the face of the tough economic times that we are suffering, or a devastating illness that wiped them out financially. I also encountered a lot of homeless individuals and families that are refugees from hurricanes Katrina and Ike. The second type of homeless people was those that have been in and out of homelessness for years. Most of these homeless people are runaways, high school drop outs, teen mothers, abused wives and the chronic alcohol and drug abusers. The final type of homeless people that I encountered are those with varying degrees of mental illness, the elderly and the infirm. Most of these people need some level of supervision in their daily lives, and even institutionalized in some cases, either in a nursing care facility or psychiatric facility. On July 10, 2010, I took a step into a world that was totally new to me and that I could only have imagined. I believed that I was prepared for what I would see, but in actuality I was not. I met many homeless people, with varying circumstances and stories to relate, but due to space and time allotments, I have prepared a condensed version of my field study. Upon entering the new and potentially hostile environment, my first thought was, Can I do this? and my second thought was, If these poor people can live this way everyday of their lives, then yes, I can and I will. Culture shock hit hard but I managed to rally and go forth with my field study. The temperature in Dallas ,Texas was forecast to be 101 degrees with a heat index of 108 degrees. It was 5:30 in the morning and the first family that I encountered was in the process of rolling up their sleeping bags, having slept in a local store front. I introduced myself and explained that I was conducting a field observation for my Cul tural Anthropology final research paper. John, a Caucasian male aged 42, (last name withheld by request) Personal INTERVIEW, 10 July 2010 , replied You about scared me to death, I was thinking you were a cop or something! Sleeping in a public place is a criminal act in Dallas, Texas. The homeless are accustomed to being roused by city workers, police and etc. Hate filled words and actions are used toward the homeless to accomplish this task. John, continued to tell me about a homeless man named Lester, who had just recently been ousted from a store front. Lester was treated inhumanely by a member of a city crew, who roused him from sleep with a vicious kick to the ribs. Adding insult to injury, the work crew then destroyed all his belongings. John related that Lester told him later that he was homeless but he was still a human being and a member of society. John and his family (consisting of a wife and two children aged 9 and 11 have been living on the streets of Dallas since hurricane Katrina in 2005.They were from New Orleans and lost their home and all their belongings. John stated, I didnt even have a job to go back to. We had nothing man. John and his family use McDonalds and other nearby facilities of its type for hygienic purposes. They spend their days in a public park. In inclement weather they stay in an abandoned building. They consume one meal a day at a local soup kitchen and dumpster dive at fast food restaurants for other meals and snacks. Johns wife (name undisclosed) stated that the restaurants wouldnt even give them water without money. She further stated that when it rained they collected rain water to drink. John also related the fact that many fast food businesses have stopped the homeless from using the restrooms in fast food establishments by erecting signs on the door, For Customers Only. If the homeless go into these restrooms, they take a chance of getting arrested, on the other hand if they void or defecate in public they stand the same chance of going to jail. Its a catch-22 situation. The next homeless person that I interviewed was Fredrick (last name withheld by request) ,personal INTERVIEW 10, July, 2010. Fredrick is a 50 year old Caucasian male who contracted bone cancer and lost his right leg in 1995. He stated that he has been homeless since 1995. As he became progressively ill he subsequently lost his job and his home. John stated that he only had 10 years left to pay on his home when he became ill, but the chemotherapy, and amputation wiped him out financially forcing his family and himself into the streets. John said, Sure I receive $ 700 a month in disability payments, but you cant even rent an apartment here for that. Fredrick went on to state that at the time they were forced into homelessness, his family consisted of a wife and four children aged 4-10. They immediately contacted a homeless shelter for assistance. The homeless shelter was going to separate the family due to a lack of room for the whole family. In order to keep their family intact, they deigned to sleep in the streets. During my observation of the homeless culture I noted that many of the homeless flew cardboard or placards asking for a job or money for food. This is illegal on private property, which puts the homeless person in danger , because they are forced to stand in dangerous intersections ,to prevent getting arrested for this violation. I also noted that several homeless people were playing guitars, performing magic tricks and etc. for what they refer to as tipping money. As night approached more and more homeless people appeared on the streets. I observed that this culture had several modes of sleeping. Many simply unrolled sleeping bags or threw down blankets or old rags to sleep on. These people slept in store fronts at night. Most of the homeless were single, however there were several families observed in the area of my observation. Some of the homeless slept inside dumpsters. I encountered that most of these people would talk to you at night, but refused to give even their first names, or any personal information related to their being homeless. I surmised that this occurrence was most likely the result that the homeless didnt believe that I was really a college student, but instead some type of local authority. I spoke with one gentleman (name and age withheld) who related to me that he had previously slept in the local bus station, sitting in a chair, but sleeping ( even for people waiting for a bus) was no longer allowed. He further stated that this was to prevent the homeless culture from spending time in the bus station utilizing the climate controlled environment. This culture of people, (the homeless) are unique. These people have had their lifestyle radically changed and have found a way ) albeit terrible) to survive. Some of the homeless that I met have paying jobs, but the wages they receive are not conducive to providing shelter and other nec cessities. Most of these people are seen as unsuitable for employment due to their way of life. Many of these people commit minor crimes purposely to get sent to jail for the procurement of food and shelter, especially in extremely cold or hot weather. Many of the homeless do not have appropriate identification and cannot have access to social services such as food stamps, food pantries or even emergency shelters. (Shewmaker, H. Wajda, S.) The homeless are also at an increased risk of both violence and abuse. Homeless people suffer a vast amount of hate crimes from people who blame them for their circumstances that they are in, and group them as people to both fear and loathe. I spoke to a man named Carl, (last name withheld upon request) personal INTERVIEW 17, July, 2010. Carl is a 60 year old African American male who related his story to me of being hit in the face with an unopened can of Alpo. The can of dog food was thrown from the security of a car passing by, as he was standing at the entrance to a shopping center flying cardboard which said, I will work for food. Carl lost two teeth and received a busted lip from that incident, and was called a worthless bottom feeder, by the occupants of the car as it sped away. Carl still has the scar and the missing teeth to verify his story. Panhandling is just one of many identifiable targets for hate among the homeless culture of people. (Wachtolz, Sandra) Candy, ( last name withheld upon request) is a 16 year old Asian/ American, who has been living on the streets of Dallas for two years. She was abused by her stepfather at home until she couldnt take it anymore. She freely admitted to selling sex as a means of survival. Sitting inside a make shift, card board box shelter, Candy still has hopes and dreams of becoming a veterinarian someday Arlene, (last name withheld upon request) Personal INTERVIEW 18, July 2010 is a 35 year old Caucasian female. Arlene is another victim of abuse, (in her case) at the hands of an abusive alcoholic husband. With no where to go, no education, no job and no income she became a street person nine years ago. Arlene related to me that on the streets was the safest place she had ever been. Having been abused as a child, she continued to be abused as a young wife. She shamefully admitted to aborting herself with a knitting needle, shortly after becoming homeless. She stated that she almost died from the self inflicted abortion, but she was glad that she didnt bring an innocent life into this mess. Ernest, (last name withheld upon request) Personal INTERVIEW 18,July 2010 is a 60 year old African American male. Ernest is a self confessed abuser of both drugs and alcohol. He told me that he has been homeless for 20 years. He gathers aluminum cans, stuff from dumpsters and etc. to sell to secure money for drugs and alcohol. He stated that he ate when he thought about it and hits the soup kitchen when he gets the notion to eat. He further stated, I will die out here, and theres no one who cares. Ernest lost his wife in a tragic automobile accident. Through the years he has somehow managed to keep a photo of her. He related that he began to drink to ease the pain of losing his wife, lost his job, his home, and even his automobile. Ernest stated, I lost it all, and here I am. I have no where to go and no way to get there if I did. His parting words to me were words of encouragement. Ernest told me, Keep up the good work kid, dont ever find yourself in a mess like this. In my weekend field observations I noticed four people whom I considered mentally ill to a degree that I did not feel comfortable approaching. These people bothered no one, basically stayed to themselves and seemed quite happy to be in solitude. As far as I could determine, these people did not appear to pose a threat to the safety of the general public. I noted that many of the mentally disturbed homeless people were actually veterans of our country who had fought in previous and also present wars. U.S. homeless veterans are growing at an astounding rate today. Many suffer PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), the effects of Agent Orange, ( a defoliant used in Vietnam) and etc. An excess of 200,000 U.S. veterans are homeless nationwide and have absolutely no place to go. ( dallas.fed) This pains me greatly as these veterans put their lives on the line to preserve our freedom. The last two interviews that I conducted included a homeless U.S. veteran. Harold (last name withheld upon request) is a 59 year old Caucasian male, who is a veteran of the Vietnam war era. Harold related to me that he had been homeless for 35 years and that he returned home from the war suffering from the effects of Agent Orange. At that time the U.S. government refused to acknowledge that Agent Orange was indeed a causative factor in many of the illnesses that the soldiers arriving home were suffering with. Harold couldnt keep a job because of excessive absenteeism, and any sudden noise would send him running in any direction available, as hard as he could run. The U.S. government refused to give Harold service connected disability and likewise the Social Security Administration denied him also. Harold further stated that if you cant pay your rent, you get evicted, that thats how I wound up out here on the street.Eventually, the government did recognize that Agent Orange was a dir ect cause of Harolds illness. He gets a very small SSI check and an even smaller Veterans disability check. After combining both of these meager allotments Harold said Rent is so damn high, I cant afford it. In fact, everything is too damn high. At least, out here, I can afford my medications, seasonal clothing and eat pretty good at least for a little while every month. Harold also helps out when he can with diapers and other necessities for the little ones in his area. These are the ones I feel sorry for, I have no kids of my own, so these are all my kids, Harold stated with tears in his eyes. I then interviewed an elderly female, Dora (name withheld upon request),aged 89, an African American female, personal INTERVIEW, 25, July 2010. I observed her pushing a shopping cart, loaded down with old rags, bottles, cans, a few old apples and etc. I surmised that this is what one would probably recognize as a bag lady. Dora was of a cheerful nature and told me that she had been on the streets for 40 years. Dora stated, My husband Sam died out here, the city hauled him off. Dora doesnt even know what became of Sam and stated that she would like to be able to visit his grave, that is if he has one. She believes that he was probably cremated. Dora stated, They burned him up like garbage, thats what they think we areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..garbage.Dora related to me that she and her husband Sam wound up homeless and on the streets due to Sams lengthy illness (diabetes) and his resultant kidney transplant. Financially, they were wiped out and the cost of the anti rejection drugs for his new kidney was astronomical. Dora further related that she and her husband did what they had to do, in order to live. Laughing aloud, Dora stated, I dont know why I got these apples. Somebody stole my dentures. Guess they needed them more than I do. Maybe, I can trade them for something I can chew. I watched Dora as she slowly ambled down the street, pushing her cart, and I couldnt help it, tears came into my eyes. I wondered why God would allow innocent children, old ladies like Dora, and etc. to suffer a life such as they do. Then a Bible verse came to my mind. I will lead the blind by a road they do not know, by paths they have not known. I will guide them, I will turn the darkness into light, the rough places into level ground. These things I will do, I will not forsake them. ( Isaiah: 42:16). The majority of the homeless culture that I encountered seemed very appreciative of the flyers that I passed out among them. Many did not know that these services were available to them at no cost. I can only hope that I have given someone an outlet to perhaps see a doctor or dentist, get an extra meal, or a much needed medication. Most of these people are good people that got down on their luck with no other resources available to them. In conclusion I have learned that the majority of the homeless are so, due to the downward spiral of the economy, mental illness, or lack of affordable housing. I also found that there is no great difference between the number of homeless people from one race to another. This field observation has resulted in my attaining a broader perspective of the plight of the homeless. My only hope is that a day will come soon, when all the homeless in America will be off the streets and safe and secure in a comfortable habitation.